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Writer's pictureChris Searle

The 5 Main Differences in Swimming Technique Between The Pool and Open Water

Transitioning from pool swimming to open water isn’t just about adapting to your surroundings. Sure, things like sighting or drafting come into play, but the water itself behaves differently. So, too, should your technique. To stay efficient and maintain your pace, here are five key adjustments you’ll need to make in open water swimming.


1. Length and Timing of Arm Extension

In the pool, long, smooth strokes with deliberate extension help swimmers maximise glide. However, in open water, especially when conditions are rough, holding that longer extension can slow you down. Instead, shorten the length of your stroke and focus on a quicker arm turnover. This helps you:

  • Maintain pressure on the water

  • Improve your catch

  • Navigate choppier conditions

Shorter extensions also reduce the need for a heavy kick, saving valuable energy.



Underwater shot of swimmer in the pool with one arm pulling and the other fully extended
Maintaining full extension in the pool maximises your leg kick

2. Amount of Kick

In open water, particularly when wearing a wetsuit, your kick doesn’t play as big of a role as it does in the pool. A wetsuit provides buoyancy, so there’s less need to kick hard to keep your legs afloat. Plus, in rough water, using a strong kick will drain your energy quickly.

A lighter, more energy-efficient kick allows you to:

  • Preserve stamina for longer swims

  • Focus on overall efficiency rather than power


3. Arm Recovery Height

In a calm pool, your arms can glide just above the surface. But in open water, that low recovery stroke will often get interrupted by waves or choppy conditions. To counter this, you’ll need to:

  • Raise your arm higher during the recovery phase

  • Slice through the water cleanly

  • Maintain stroke rhythm, even in rough conditions

It might feel different at first, but this adjustment is key for keeping your swim smooth.


Triathletes swimming around buoys in very choppy sea water
In choppy waters you need to recover your arms higher over the water.

4. Breathing Direction

Wind, waves, and other swimmers can complicate breathing in open water. 

At the recent World Triathlon Finals in Torremolinos, a big example of this was how far off course Cassandre Beaugrand went on the swim. She was breathing away from everyone else and the conditions were poor for sighting. 

It’s important to adapt, for example:

  • If the wind is coming from your right, try breathing to your left to avoid inhaling water.

  • When swimming near others, breathe on the opposite side to avoid splashes and maintain a clear air supply.

Swimmers in open water triathlon race
Beaugrand swimming in the wrong direction (left of image)

5. Speed of Arm Cycles

Finally, you’ll need to speed up your arm cycles in open water. A quicker stroke rate helps you:

  • Stay ahead of the chop

  • Maintain forward momentum

  • Efficiently pull through the water

In open water, where glide is less reliable, keeping up the tempo is essential to push through challenging conditions like waves or currents.



By adjusting your swimming technique in these five areas, you’ll maintain efficiency and speed in open water. It may feel a bit chaotic compared to the pool, but once you master these changes, you’ll stay in control and swim at your best whatever the conditions.


 

About the Author:

The author of the post, Chris Searle

Chris Searle is a Level 3 Qualified British Swimming Coach and a Level 2 British Triathlon Coach, also holding various running and cycling coaching qualifications.


With over 14 years of experience coaching athletes of all levels, Chris has developed British Champions in swimming and guided triathletes to podium finishes on the world stage.


You can read more about Chris's coaching journey on the About page.

 

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